Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 4 Articles
Purpose. To clarify the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms and primary open angle glaucoma\n(POAG). Methods. After a systematic literature search in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases, all relevant\nstudies evaluating the association between the polymorphisms (rs2070744 and rs1799983) of eNOS gene and POAG were screened\nand included.The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in\nfive genetic models were estimated using fixed-effect model if ...
Purpose. To investigate the potential relationship between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and peripapillary choroidal thickness\n(PPCT). Materials and Methods. Relevant publications were searched systematically through various databases from inception\nto January 2016. Studies comparing PPCT in OAG patients and healthy controls were retrieved. All qualified articles were analyzed\nusing Stata 14.0 and Revman 5.3 software. Results. A total of 13 studies were identified for inclusion. There was a significant\nreduction of average PPCT in OAG patients compared to control participants (WMD = âË?â??24.07, 95% CI: âË?â??34.29, âË?â??13.85). Reduction\nof PPCT was significant in the superior (WMD = âË?â??28.87, 95% CI: âË?â??44.96, âË?â??12.78) and nasal (WMD = âË?â??21.75, 95% CI: âË?â??41.52,\nâË?â??1.98) sectors, but there was no significant reduction of PPCT in the inferior (WMD = âË?â??9.57, 95% CI: âË?â??36.55, 17.40) and temporal\n(WMD = âË?â??13.85, 95% CI: âË?â??35.40, 7.70) sectors. No obvious publication bias was detected. Conclusions.This meta-analysis suggests\nthat open-angle glaucoma patients have significantly decreased peripapillary choroidal thickness compared to healthy individuals.\nPeripapillary choroidal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography may be an important parameter to consider in open angle\nglaucoma....
Objective. To examine whether retinal electrophysiology is a useful surrogate marker of drug penetrance into the central nervous\nsystem (CNS). Materials and Methods. Brain and retinal electrophysiology were assessed with full-field visually evoked potentials\nand electroretinograms in conscious and anaesthetised rats following systemic or local administrations of centrally penetrant\n(muscimol) or nonpenetrant (isoguvacine) compounds. Results. Local injections into the eye/brain bypassed the blood neural\nbarriers and produced changes in retinal/brain responses for both drugs. In conscious animals, systemic administration of\nmuscimol resulted in retinal and brain biopotential changes, whereas systemic delivery of isoguvacine did not. General anaesthesia\nconfounded these outcomes. Conclusions. Retinal electrophysiology, when recorded in conscious animals, shows promise as a\nviable biomarker of drug penetration into the CNS. In contrast, when conducted under anaesthetised conditions confounds can be\ninduced in both cortical and retinal electrophysiological recordings....
Background: The glaucoma-specific blindness prevalence in Nigeria (0.7 %, 95 % CI 0.6ââ?¬â??0.9 %) among those aged\nââ?°Â¥40 years is one of the highest ever reported. This study determined the risk factors for open-angle glaucoma\n(OAG) in adults examined in the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey.\nMethods: A nationally representative sample of 13,591 people aged ââ?°Â¥40 years in 305 clusters in Nigeria were examined\n(response rate 90.4 %) between January 2005 to June 2007. Everyone had logMAR visual acuity measurement, Frequency\nDoubling Technology (FDT) visual field testing, autorefraction, A-scan biometry and optic disc assessment. Full ocular\nexamination (n = 6397), included Goldmann applanation tonometry. Values for defining glaucoma using International\nSociety of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria were derived from the study population.\nDisc images were graded by Moorfields Eye Hospital Reading Centre. Socio-demographic factors (age, gender,\nethnicity, literacy and place of residence), ocular parameters (intraocular pressure [IOP], axial length and mean\nocular perfusion pressure [MOPP]) and systemic parameters (blood pressure, blood glucose and body mass index\n[BMI]) were assessed for association with OAG.\nResults: Thirteen thousand eighty-one (96 %) of 13,591 participants had vertical cup:disc ratio measured in at least one\neye. 682 eyes of 462 participants were classified as OAG, with 12,738 controls. In univariate analyses the following were\nassociated with OAG: increasing age, male gender, Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups, illiteracy, longer axial length, higher\nIOP, lower MOPP, greater severity of hypertension and low BMI (underweight). In multivariate analysis, increasing age\n(odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95 % CI 1.03ââ?¬â??1.05), higher IOP (OR 1.22, 95 % CI 1.18ââ?¬â??1.25) and Igbo ethnicity (OR 1.73,\n95 % CI 1.18ââ?¬â??2.56) were independent risk factors for OAG.\nConclusion: Case detection strategies for OAG should be improved for those aged ââ?°Â¥40 years and for ethnic groups\nmost at risk as a public health intervention....
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